Rotary rectifier of alternating current.



C. D. MACROPOULO S. ROTARY RECTIFIER 0F ALTERNATING CURRENT.

APPLICATION FILED 1Au.21,|914.

1,260,785. Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. v

WITNESS E I INVENTOI? WM- Y ATTORNEYS meet es.

To all wiwm may coucem:

Be it known that l, SOIJf-Kbiri'ififf METRIUS Miicaorontcs, a suh ct or". of Greece, and resident of new Y N. T, have invented a new and use tary Rectifier of Alternating Current, oil? which the following is a specifi This invention relates "to rotu for alternating current a d l1 s or oral objects to simplify the construc 1o. rectifiers of this character chean" their cost of manufacture and impro e 1 struction in such manner that thereof may be readily chronize the rotary comniutau the alternating current and i the invariable en agement ano ment of the brushes with the con bars at the intended time. A furl of the invention is to eliminate the instants of engagement and rnent of the brushes With the con bars and remove the danger of scuiting now usually present in kne I fiers. in realizing this object of the ticn, in the preferred form of the i ments, the current usually in sparkin is led in a diderent circuit to a hat tery and recovered for useful work. objects of the invention will l greater length hereinafter in con; with the description oiith-e acconn'm: drawings, in which- Figure 1 is VlGW in end elevation of the improved rectifier.

Fig. 2 is a View partlv section and partly in site elerectifier Shown in Fig. l, the sect taken along the plane in licatec broken line 2-2 of 1 the direction of the arrows,

Fig. 3 is a sectional VlGW take. horizontal plane indicated is of Fig. l and'looking in the arrows.

Figs. 4 and 5 are convention showing-5s. somewhat diagrammatic in nature commutator projected and the i the brushes to the conducting tee commutator.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic View lllilSil the disks, conductor hars collector rings and circuits.

The rotary rectifier comprises 7 base a; on which are supp pieces a in "which is journals GEZQEGULQS, SF

shaft Z of the rectifier. On this shaft is supported the. commutator which may be made as a laminated construction, comprisa series of metallic connnnt :1 disks 0, 01". c. insulated from one ane by interposed disks 7 of suitable in- 5 ing material. These connnutator disks are ell"- l run the supporting shaft a; eeve g of suitable insulatlilg rial. Lit the end of the shaft are ed two sets of collector ringsh, it

tri which engage suitable terminal l'y which the direct current is manner which will be underfiese col cctor rings are, of course, TlOlll the shaft 3) and from one mother as by interposed insulating disks H.

Before describing in detail the electrical connections and the relation of the currentrlms to the rectifier elements the purely I l improvements will be described in ii. The connnutator disks 0, c, are

' connected for one half the commutator to a conductor rod l: which is connected electriallv to the positive ring it While the cone spon'll ings of the other half of the com connected to a separate conductor rod Z 'u'l 'ch is at the near two side of the system. at between the disks 6 7 (5 are perreceive without conaxrtend, respectively, to tire rings 2', of a sec :rical cnrcuit for a purpose which lliipoi'ljzfil't feature of the invention has to do with the construction of the coininutator disks 6. (Z. c to which the current passes from the brushes 0 oi the alternating 231111311 cl. .lil. These metallic disks 0, (i, e, are each formed with. or else GRIT)", segmental co: tacts or raised portions 0 (Z 6 \1 'ch may properly be likened to teeth, and "h which the respective brushes 0 come engagement at proper times duritag roon of the conin'ullator.

0 are supported on which are provide-j V I ed by worms p I'Qefltublf) suitable hand wheels p on the end in turn, in contact with of the worm shaft. Each of the brushes 0 0 are shown diagrammatically in their rela;

tion to the periphery of the commutator proper and there is indicated the relation of these brushes at various times to the teeth of the'respective commutator disks by which the current from the brushes is fed to the commutator for transmission, rectified, to the direct current circuit. The teeth 0 6 on the disks 0, e, are so disposed with relation to one another and to the alternations of the circuit as to make contact with the respective brushes at such times and for such duration as to insure the passage of current in its proper phase to the proper ring it for transmission to the direct current circuit. These teeth 0 e are likewise so disposed to one another as to insure contact with the respective brushes at such times and for such duration as to complete the direct current circuit at the negative side thereof. In the three-phase six-wire circuit illustrated the three wires marked 1 lead to such brushes as will engage successively with the proper teeth 0 to lead the current through the conductor rod 76 to the collector ring it at the positive side of the direct cur rent circuit. The three Wires marked 1 are connected to such brushes 0 as will make contact successively with the teeth 0 at the other end of the commutator and will complete the circuit through the conductor rod 1 connected with the collector ring 2' at the negative side of the direct current circuit. The three wires marked 2 are connected with such brushes as will engage successively with the teeth e of the disks 6 and insure the transmission of current through the conductor bar to the positive ring it of the direct current circuit in proper relation to the phases of the current of these Wires and also in proper relation to the phase of the current in the other three wires 1. In like manner the wires 2* complete the negative side of the direct current circuit by engagement of their brushes 0 with the proper teeth d of the disks d at the other end of the commutator which disks are connected, in turn. through the conductor bar Z with the nega tive ring it.

The construction thus far described while entirely feasible and insuring that certainty of operation and degree of adjustment which is necessary in securing synchronism and rectification in a device of this kind, might be open to the usual objection of sparking at the brushes and ing. Accordingly, the improved commuta; tor makes provision for the elimination of sparking and short circuiting. Such provision is found in the interposed commutator disks (Z which are connected at different ends ofthe commutator through the conductor bars on, a, to positive and negative collector rings 5 of a secondary electrical circuit in which may be included a storage battery shown clearly in Fig. 4. The disks (Z carry or have formed thereon teeth (P which are disposed opposite and overlapping the ends of each of the teeth 0 0 of the disks of the main circuit and the. brushes 0 are so formed as to contact at the same time with one of the teeth of one of these disks 0 c and with one of the teeth (Z on the proximate disk (Z. In this manner it is assured that as one of the teeth 0 6 runs off the brush 0, the brush will contact for an instant with this tooth and also with the tooth (Z of the proximate disk so that the current which ordinarily would be lost in sparking at the time of engagement or disengagement of the brush with the conductor is deflected to the tooth d and thence through the proper conductor bar m, n, to the rings vi of the secondary circuit.

Further, the danger of short circuiting is' prevented by inclusion of the conductor teeth (Z of the secondary circuit in proper relation to the teeth 0", e of the main commutator disks. The current derived through danger of short circuitthese teeth (Z in the secondary circuit is led to the storage battery and there stored for use.

The improved rectifier may be rotated by any convenient motor and its speed of rotation will, of course, be fixed in accordance with the frequency of the alternating current and the number of teeth on the commutator disks. The brushes 0 on the adjustable frame will be moved through the hand wheels ga so as to insure synchronism between the alternations in the circuit and the conductor elements of the commutator.

It is quite evident that the principle involved in the invention may be employed to equal advantage in a rectifier in which other phase and wire systems are employed.

Many mechanical alterations in the construction may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as, for instance, the connections through the brushes to both the alternating and direct current circuits may be of any known character, the size of the disks and their teeth may be proportioned in conformity with the usual electreatise thereto. Reference is to he had to the tap pended claims for. an understanding of the scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. A rotary rectifier comprising cornmutator shaft, positive and negative coilector rings, a commutator comprising a series of insulated commutator disks provided With segmental contacts and connected to the positive collector ring, a second series of insulated commutator disks alternating with the disks of the first series also provided with segmental contacts otfset with respect to the contacts of the first series and connected to the negative collector ring, and a third series of insulated commutator disks interposed between successive rings of the first and second series, provided with segmental contacts between and overlapping the ends of the contacts of adjacent disks and connected to a secondary circuit, brushes for contact with the segmental contacts of the disks of the first and third series and connected to one side of the Working cir= cuit, and other brushes for contact with the disks of the second and third series and connected to the other side or" the working circuit.

2. A rotary rectifier comprising a commutator shaft, positive and negative collector rings, a commutator comprising an the contacts of the first and third disks and connected to one side of the Working circuit, and a brush for contact With the contacts of the-second and third disks and connected with the other side of the working circuit,

3. A rotary rectifier comprising a commutator shaft, a commutator composed of series of spaced disks, positive and negative collector rin s, conductor bars connected to said dis '5 and to the respective rings, independent disks interposed between said first named disks, independent positive and negative collector rings in electrical connection with said last named disks, segmental teeth on all of said disks and brushes to cngage'said teeth, the teeth on the interposed disks being arranged opposite the ends of the teeth on the proximate spaced disks.

4:. A rotary rectifier comprising a commutator formed of a series of insulated disks, conductor rods extending through said disks and in electrical engagement with alternate disks, independent conductor rods extending through said alternate disks and in electrical engagement with the remaining disks, positive and negative collector rings for the respective conductor rods, said collector rings being insulated from each other and disposed in independent direct current circuits, segmental teeth on said disks, the teeth on the disks in one of said circuits being disposed at the ends of the teeth on the disks in the other of said circuits, and brushes to engage said teeth.

In testimony thereof, 1 have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

CONSTANTIN E DEMETRIUS MACROPOULOS.

W'itnesses CONSTANTINE VomLr, FRANK P. Bonus. 

